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Blood glucose-lowering effects — monitor closely in diabetics on antidiabetic medications. Hypoglycaemia risk with concurrent insulin or metformin.
Potent antioxidant synthesised endogenously in mitochondria. Both water and fat-soluble — scavenges free radicals in all compartments. Strong evidence for diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
Cofactor for pyruvate dehydrogenase and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. Regenerates antioxidants: vitamin C, vitamin E, glutathione, CoQ10. R-form is the biologically active enantiomer.
| Population | Safety rating | Max safe dose |
|---|---|---|
| Diabetes | Possibly safe | 300-600mg/day under monitoring |
| Improves insulin sensitivity. Evidence for diabetic neuropathy. Monitor blood glucose. | ||
| General | Possibly safe | — |
| Based on general risk level assessment. | ||
No peer-reviewed clinical trial data found for this ingredient.
Data by supplement.ge — Public Health Institute of Georgia (PHIG)