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GI effects: dose-dependent nausea, GI discomfort with BHB salts (particularly at high mineral load). Mineral load: BHB salts provide significant sodium, potassium, calcium, or magnesium — consider in patients with mineral-sensitive conditions. Electrolyte imbalance risk. Type 1 diabetes: exogenous ketones may precipitate ketoacidosis. Drug interactions: poorly characterised.
Primary ketone body produced during fasting and ketogenic diet. Activates HCAR2 receptor (anti-inflammatory) and inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome. Used for exogenous ketosis, cognitive performance, and athletic endurance.
Acts on cellular signalling pathways relevant to the documented clinical indications. Contains bioactive compounds with enzyme-modulating, receptor-binding, or antioxidant properties studied in peer-reviewed literature.
| Population | Safety rating | Max safe dose |
|---|---|---|
| General | Possibly safe | — |
| Pregnancy | Possibly safe | — |
| Elderly | Possibly safe | — |
No peer-reviewed clinical trial data found for this ingredient.
Data by supplement.ge — Public Health Institute of Georgia (PHIG)