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HEPATOTOXICITY — rare but documented cases of severe liver damage including acute liver failure. Avoid in pre-existing liver disease (absolutely contraindicated). Maximum duration: 6 months. Contraindicated in hormone-sensitive cancers (evidence is conflicting on safety).
Root extract from North American plant with evidence for menopausal symptoms particularly hot flushes. Non-oestrogenic mechanism (selective serotonin and dopamine activity). Alternative to HRT in some women.
Activates 5-HT1A and 5-HT7 serotonin receptors — explains hot flush reduction. Dopaminergic activity in hypothalamus reduces LH pulsatility. Does NOT bind oestrogen receptors (despite previous belief).
| Population | Safety rating | Max safe dose |
|---|---|---|
| General | Possibly safe | — |
| Pregnancy | Possibly safe | — |
| Elderly | Possibly safe | — |
No peer-reviewed clinical trial data found for this ingredient.
Data by supplement.ge — Public Health Institute of Georgia (PHIG)