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Very safe at dietary doses.
From coffee, propolis, and plants with antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties.
Acts as direct free radical scavenger and indirect antioxidant via Nrf2/ARE pathway activation. Modulates inflammatory signalling via NF-kB and AP-1 inhibition. Interacts with kinase pathways (MAPK, PI3K/Akt, mTOR) and epigenetic regulators relevant to anti-ageing and disease prevention.
| Population | Safety rating | Max safe dose |
|---|---|---|
| General | Likely safe | — |
| Pregnancy | Likely safe | — |
| Elderly | Likely safe | — |
No peer-reviewed clinical trial data found for this ingredient.
Data by supplement.ge — Public Health Institute of Georgia (PHIG)