class="blog wp-embed-responsive wp-theme-foxiz wp-child-theme-foxiz-child supp-body td-standard-pack personalized-all menu-ani-1 hover-ani-1 btn-ani-1 btn-transform-1 is-rm-1 lmeta-dot loader-1 dark-sw-1 mtax-1 is-hd-5 is-backtop none-m-backtop is-mstick is-smart-sticky"
TMAO conversion: choline is major TMAO precursor — gut bacteria convert to TMAO associated with cardiovascular risk at high doses (>500mg/day from supplements). Fishy body odour (trimethylaminuria): choline supplements worsen TMAO-related fish odour syndrome. GI effects at high doses. UL: 3500mg/day adults.
Essential nutrient for membrane synthesis, methylation, and acetylcholine production. Most people inadequately supply from diet. AI: 425-550mg/day.
Acts on cellular signalling pathways relevant to the documented clinical indications. Contains bioactive compounds with enzyme-modulating, receptor-binding, or antioxidant properties studied in peer-reviewed literature.
| Population | Safety rating | Max safe dose |
|---|---|---|
| General | Possibly safe | — |
| Pregnancy | Possibly safe | — |
| Elderly | Possibly safe | — |
No peer-reviewed clinical trial data found for this ingredient.
Data by supplement.ge — Public Health Institute of Georgia (PHIG)