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Avoid in autoimmune conditions (lupus, MS, rheumatoid arthritis) — may stimulate immune activity. Short-term use only (maximum 2 weeks). Rare allergic reactions (caution in those with ragweed allergy).
North American medicinal herb used for immune support and reducing duration/severity of upper respiratory infections. Evidence is mixed but generally positive for cold prevention and shortened duration.
Alkylamides bind CB2 receptors, modulating innate immune response. Polysaccharides activate macrophages and NK cells. Caffeic acid derivatives have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
| Population | Safety rating | Max safe dose |
|---|---|---|
| General | Likely safe | — |
| Pregnancy | Likely safe | — |
| Elderly | Likely safe | — |
No peer-reviewed clinical trial data found for this ingredient.
Data by supplement.ge — Public Health Institute of Georgia (PHIG)