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Raw or unripe elderberries contain sambunigrin (cyanogenic glycoside) — toxic if unprocessed. Commercially prepared elderberry extracts are safe. Cooked or standardised preparations only.
European elder berries rich in anthocyanins with antiviral and immune-modulating properties. Randomised trials show reduction in flu duration by approximately 2 days.
Anthocyanins bind and prevent hemagglutinin on influenza virus from attaching to cell receptors. Stimulates cytokine production from monocytes and macrophages.
No peer-reviewed clinical trial data found for this ingredient.
Data by supplement.ge — Public Health Institute of Georgia (PHIG)