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Hepatotoxicity: dose-dependent. Anticoagulant: avoid with warfarin and antiplatelet drugs. Dental sensitisation: contact allergy with prolonged dental use. Genotoxicity: conflicting data at high doses. Generally safe at food flavouring quantities.
Primary phenylpropanoid of clove oil. Used as dental analgesic (ZOE cement), flavouring, and antimicrobial. Hepatotoxic at high doses. Anticoagulant properties.
Acts on cellular signalling pathways relevant to the documented clinical indications. Contains bioactive compounds with enzyme-modulating, receptor-binding, or antioxidant properties studied in peer-reviewed literature.
| Population | Safety rating | Max safe dose |
|---|---|---|
| General | Possibly safe | — |
| Pregnancy | Possibly safe | — |
| Elderly | Possibly safe | — |
No peer-reviewed clinical trial data found for this ingredient.
Data by supplement.ge — Public Health Institute of Georgia (PHIG)